The role of the Church in the production and marketing of wine declined with the Reformation, particularly in northern Europe, but this did not convulse the wine world half as much as the discovery of the usefulness of corks about a century later. For the first time since the Roman empire, wine could now be stored and aged in bottles. Throughout the Middle Ages wine had been kept in casks which had presented a dual handicap: first, too long kept in wood could rob a wine of all its fruit; second, once the cask was opened the wine inevitably deteriorated unless drunk within a few days. The bottle, with its smaller capacity, solved the former problem by providing a neutral, non-porous material which allowed wine to age in a different subtler way and removed the latter problem by providing sealed containers of a manageable size for a single session's drinking.

However, the cork and bottle revolution was not an instant success; bottles were then so bulbous they would only stand upright which meant the corks eventually dried out and as a consequence let in air. But, by the mid 18th century, longer, flat-sided bottles were designed which would lie down, their corks kept moist by contact with the wine. As a result wine making now took on a new dimension. It became worthwhile for a winemaker to try and excel, wines from particular plots of land could be compared for their qualities, and the most exciting could be classified and separated from the more mundane plot wines. As a result today's great names of Bordeaux, Burgundy and the Rhine first began to be noticed.

In the early 19th century, Europe seemed one massive vineyard. In Italy 80% of people were earning their living from wine and in France there were vast plantings rolling southwards from Paris. Also the vine had moved abroad thanks to explorers, colonists and missionaries. It went to Latin America with the Spaniards, South Africa with French Huguenots, and to Australia with the British. Could anything stop this tide of wine expansion?

Well, yes and it came in the form of an aphid called phylloxera, that fed on and destroyed vine roots. It came from America in the 1860's, and by the early 20th century, had destroyed all Europe's vineyards and most of the rest of the world's as well. The solution was to graft the vulnerable European vine, vitis vinifera, onto the phylloxera-resistant American rootstock, vitis riparia, naturally a very expensive effort. The most immediate effect in Europe was that only the best sites were replanted and the total area under vines shrank drastically as a result. Elsewhere the havoc wrought was comparable and vineyard acreage is only now expanding to old original sites destroyed over a century ago.

The 20th century brought further change as science and technology revolutionised viticulture and wine making. But despite the chemical formulae and computerised wineries, the grape retains its magic and allure that attracts wine enthusiasts from all over the world.

About the Author

James Pendleton is a lover of the better things in life. For more information on wine visit Wine Capital

Thoughts about Wine Clubs

Wine History - When the cork met the bottle


The role of the Church in the production and marketing of wine declined with the Reformation, particularly in northern Europe, but this did not convul...


Click Here to Read More About Wine ...

Wine Clubs Products we recommend

The FTD African Violet Plant - Deluxe


Our 6" potted African Violets are a terrific accent to any home or office. A great way to let them know you are thinking of them. To ensure the best quality, the flower color may vary. Approx. 8"H. Planter size is 5 1/4"H and 6" Dia white metal. C36-3559D


Price: 69.99 USD



Headlines on Wine Clubs

A Wine Story - Wine, Food & Lifestyle

Sat, 04 Oct 2008 20:47:05 PDT
The European lifestyle has been a fascination of mine since I started studying wine a few years ago. Through my wine studies I’ve not only learned about vine growing and wine making, I’ve learned about cultures and traditions, all of which I share in my wine lectures and through teaching others about wine. One of the major things that I have learned is that the European lifestyle is easy-going and filled with only the best of things that life has to offer, which includes great wine paired with

Asian Q-sine

Sat, 04 Oct 2008 20:39:13 PDT
…it is the instabilities of cuisines, a phenomenon that makes the very concept of cuisine problematic that interests me the most. In a reality of constant flows, nothing stable that can be labeled a “cuisine” takes form any longer. Fusion is not a cuisine and is not referred to as such by the people who fuse foods and flavors, or by the ones who talk about it. People speak of "fusion cooking," a label that speaks of a practice, not of "fusion cuisine," a label that denotes a stable formation.”

CELEBRATIONS WINE TASTING PARTY THIS EVENING…

Sat, 04 Oct 2008 20:05:34 PDT
CELEBRATIONS WINE TASTING PARTY THIS EVENING… Filed under: prairie musings, ellsworth — Peg Britton @ 9:05 pm It’s wonderful to know we have people in Ellsworth who are determined to make the effort to offer a variety of things to do in Ellsworth. Each in his/her own way is moving the town forward, inch by inch. I love the creativity of these people and the work they do to bring nice things our way. All it takes to make such activities a success is very simple….just appear. Participate. B


Wine List
Cellar Master
Buy Wine | Cabernet Franc

Labels: Wine Opener | Wine Pairing

&type=page">